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= = Introduction and Thesis Detroit was a big beautiful city where the automobile industry strived. This brought many jobs creating a boom in business and in population. The coming of European immigrants began racial tensions and helped cause a race riot in 1943. Between 1942- 1945 the production of automobiles ceased to produce vehicles for war. Consolidation with the auto industry increased competition for work. The Detroit riot of 1967 accelerated white flight, taking jobs and population with it to the suburbs.  The riot of 1967 changed the city of Detroit forever. The economy started to go downhill right before the riot causing the riot to bring the economy down even more afterwards. There were many different accusations of why African American reacted the way they did the starting night of the riot. Many people gave their own view points of the riot and the economy afterwards. __Thesis __: Information on how the Detroit riot of 1967 came about and expanded and how it had an impact on the economy, the hospitals, citizens, and politics will be discussed by focusing on different articles relating to the Riot. Analysis of Sources

“A Time of Tragedy,” was written by Jon Lowell, a staff worker from __The Detroit News__. This document is an explanation of how Detroit was peaceful before the riot. How the media expanded the riot and how government intervention was the main cause of the riot coming to an end. The touch off of the race riot came from the raid on a Negro blind pig on 12th and Clairmount at 2:30 a.m., reported by Mayor Cavanaugh, the mayor at the time, and it quickly escalated (Lowell, 3). This document was produced on Friday August 11, 1967 not too long after the riot in Detroit, MI. It was produced to give the reader insight on the events that happened before the riot that lead up to it, and why they happened. It shows the reader what the riot was and what it was about. In support of the thesis it talks about the riot in general giving info on what happened, why it happened, and different views on the riot overall. “Johnson Sends 5,000 Troops to Be Ready for Riot Duty,” was written by Herbert Bolot. This news article was written during the riot. In the article President Lyndon Johnson ordered federal troops to be available for riot duty in Detroit after 5 known people dead and 800 injured or wounded and property damage exceeding over $100 million... all after the first day.  The Col. Of the troops believed the news casts were responsible for expanding the riot (Bolot). It was produced July 24, 1967 after the first day of the riot in Detroit, MI. The news was to show and give updates on what was going on in the city. It was produced to show status on the riot and what it was that was being done about it to let the citizens know. Relating this to the thesis, this article shows how the news looks at whats going on and the different accusations they made on what was going on. It also shows how the economy was being impacted due to the lives lost and the excessive amounts of money lost in property damage. ‘Strark Reality: Black-white economic gap widens,” was written by Mike Wilkins, Darren Nichols, and Amy Lee, all apart of the Detroit News. This is an article written after 40 years since the riot... the gap between blacks and whites have grown around the metro area, this is due to blacks having less buying power than they had in 1967 and they haven't kept up in education. Black infants are three times more likely to die and jobs are scarce among African-Americans more than twice the rate of whites. People are still optimistic about Detroit and a recent poll shows that as well as saying that Blacks have made some improvements since 1967. In the 60's blacks were striving at work and in the community. Their wages were 71% to whites but the riot caused it to go even more downhill. Blacks haven’t been able to bounce back and in the early 2000's wages of blacks are 56% to whites. Middle class blacks took after the riot as an opportunity to do better, go to college or move to the suburbs with the whites. The economy today is getting better and there have been great improvements. These improvements are the building of new homes and the renewal of downtown. This article was written July 20, 2007 in Detrtroit, MI. The purpose of this article was to show the economic gap between blacks and whites in Detroit and the rreasons for it. In relevance to the thesis it shows economic factors that play a big role in black and white society especially with the riot. In “Mass Media and Communication Processes in the Detroit Riot of 1967,” by Benjamin Singer it discusses how the media played a big role on expanding the riot. TV coverage helped to stimulate potential looters as well as providing locations. The media helped create a riot and stimulate the spread of its disturbances (Singer, 238). The media stated that Detroit riot would be next following the riot in Newark. Between July 31st and August 4th of 1967 interviews were conducted in jails, prisons, and etc. on people who were held in these facilities due to the riot. 499 Negro males most with college degrees or some type or interview experience.  TV ranked higher than radios and newspapers on finding out about riots in other cities. This was the most likeliest was for people to find out about the riot and find knowledge on leaders and militants and majority of the interviewees saw the riot on TV. During the interview respondents responded with 50% violence, 21.1% looting, and the remaining % on property destruction, running, arrests etc. when asked what they saw on TV. When asked how they felt about what they saw almost half of them said they were digusted or angry with themselves but a quarter of them were happy to see violence against whites because they felt whites were the cause. The remaining % felt indifferent, didn’t see it or didn’t care (Singer, 239).  The day of the raid TV stations and radio stations who aired early gave the impression that the scene was worse than what it really was and that the police was using excessive force (Singer ,240). After the word got out word of mouth made things worst. People, who found out, found out through other personal networks or mass media then passing it along directly (Singer, 241).  This goes to show how the Mass Media played a huge role in expanding the riot. People took what they saw off of TV and began to rampage through the city of Detroit. Accusations of authorities becoming violent and using excessive force through the media really set the people of Detroit off. Even though the media over exaggerated the events, it still left Detroit with horrible results. The Media played a huge role in how the economy got the way that it is now. This also ties with the news paper article “Johnson sends 5,000 Troops to Be Ready For Riot Duty,” where the Col. Believes news cast are responsible for expanding the riots.  In “Detroit since Last Summer,” by Cynthia Kelly Hospitals played a huge role in the riot of Detroit. People injured needed assistance so nurses knew first hand what was going on. During the riot many nurses were working 12-hour shifts or longer caring for the injured. Some stayed home due to rioting and curfews (Kelly, 1278). Detroit General Hospital was the only hospital to provide care to the public with 704 beds. 1,475 people were injured and came to the hospital. The nurses had to come in early and stay overnight to beat traffic restrictions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Since the riot nurses talk about how they’ve had to sharpen their sixth sense when walking throughout the district, they’ve worked harder with younger people, and they’ve worked with the “hill People.” “Hill People” are poor white southerners who come to the city in need of work. They have a higher chance of being hired because they are hard working and wiling to do anything (Kelly, 1280). The city became hostile towards workers of the city even though the nurses have been helping out in the community. This was due to the people being denied aid after assistance from nurses. After the riot there was a decline in the percentage of African Americans in the nursing field. This was mainly due to the fact that they couldn’t meet academic requirements. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This goes to show that even though nurses were there to help the people of the city especially those injured during the riot, that it was still hard for them. The economy made certain nurses quit their jobs from not being able to get to work and the economy put a strain on those who had to make up for the lack of nurses, who feared coming to and from work through rioting areas, and the nurses who were targeted by angry civilians. This also ties into those primary sources who talked about the injuries and deaths. This source explains in fuller detail about the injured during the riot. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In “The Aftermath of The Race Riot,” by Leonard Gordon it talks about how the riot is the emergent Norm process among black and white community leaders. It provides general insight on how polorazation can go from accommodation to civil disorders including the loss of life and property (Gordon, 115). From the end of 1967riots to the early 1970’s an emerged polarized confrontation between black and white community leaders. From the 1970’s to mid 1970’s the emergence of interaction process between black and white political influentials was in affect. Then from the mid 1970’s to late 1970’s a major normative shift had occurred between black and white community leaders. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The riot resulted in 43 deaths and $30 million in property damage. This is the type of destruction that prevailed in Detroit with polarizing effects among the general black and white populations and black and white community leaders (Gordon, 120). Even after the riot, whites dominated in helping to clean and provide food for the needy. Blacks calaimed that the cause of the riot was due to “police brutality, poorhousing, lack of jobs, and poverty,” (Gordon, 121). Unlike blacks whites believed “Black nationalism, too much welfare, and teenagers” were major causes (Gordon, 121). These responses between black and white community leaders reflect black-white community polarization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> It wasn’t until the late 70’s that Detroit residence was predominantly black along with the political leverage that the demographic fact represents. There was an accord to establish a professionally staffed new Detroit committee designed to encourage business, educational, residential, and other developmental growth within the city. Automotive recessionary pressures and federal cutbacks in urban aid have went up in the beginning of 1980’s in Detroit brining more economic and social problems. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The purpose in this was to find out if the interactionist process according to the norm theory played a part in the emergence of interracial community leadership accommodation norms over that decade after the riot. Political factors changed in Detroit; therefore, it changed the economy of Detroit. Ppolitical factors were said to be a major attribute to the riot starting in the first place by them being predominantly white. Now that the political leaders are predominantly black the economy has been responding well and we haven’t had a race riot since. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The reason for the riot and how it expanded was explained along with how the riot affected the economy, citizens, hospitals and politics. The riot of Detroit in 1967 caused the city to change forever, especially economically. The economy will never be the same. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bolot, Herbert. "Johnson Sends 5,000 Troops to Be Ready for Riot Duty." //The Detroit News// 24 July 1967, Final ed., sec. 1. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Gordon, Leonard. "Aftermath of a Race Riot: The Emergent Norm Process among Black and White Community Leaders." 2nd ser. 26 (1983): 115-35. //JSTOR//. Web. (Apr. 14, 2010). <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1389087>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelly, Cynthia H. "Detroit Since Last Summer." 6th ser. 68 (1968): 1278-282. //JSTOR//. Web. (Apr. 14, 2010). <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3420858>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lee, Nichols, And Wilkins. "Stark Reality: Black-white Economic Gap Widens." //The Detroit News// 20 July 2007: 1-4. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Lowell, Jon. "A Time of Tragedy." //The Detroit News// 11 Aug. 1967: 1-16. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Singer, Benjamin D. "Mass Media and Communication Processes In The Detroit Riot of 1967." 2nd ser. 34 (1970): 236-45. //JSTOR//. Web. (Apr. 14, 2010). <http://research.udmercy.edu:2096/stable/2747421?&Search=yes&term=1967&term=riot&term=detroit&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Ddetroit%2Briot%2Bof%2B1967%26wc%3Don&item=2&ttl=1307&returnArticleService=showArticle>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">